(A) The mejupụtara ụkpụrụ nke ịmafe ike ọkọnọ
1.1 sekit ntinye
sekit nzacha linear, sekit mbelata nke ugbu a, sekit rectifier.
Ọrụ: Tụgharịa ntinye grid AC ọkụ ọkụ n'ime ntinye ọkụ DC nke ọkụ ọkụ na-agbanwe nke na-emezu ihe achọrọ.
1.1.1 Linear filter circuit
Gbanyụọ harmonics na mkpọtụ
1.1.2 sekit nzacha anya
Kwụsị elu nke ugbu a site na grid
1.1.3 Rectifier circuit
Tugharia AC ka DC
Enwere ụdị abụọ: ụdị ntinye capacitor na ụdị ntinye eriri eriri. Ọtụtụ ihe na-agbanwe ọkụ bụ nke mbụ
1.2 ntụgharị ntụgharị
Nwere ịgbanwee sekit, mmepụta ikewapụ (converter) sekit, wdg Ọ bụ isi ọwa makaịgbanwee ike ọkọnọntughari, ma mezue modimum chopping na mmepụta nke ike na-efegharị ọkụ na ike.
Igwe ọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na ọkwa a bụ isi ngwaọrụ ya.
1.2.1 sekit na-agbanwe
Ụdị draịva: obi ụtọ nke onwe, na-enwe mmasị na mpụga
sekit mgbanwe: dịpụrụ adịpụ, nke na-abụghị nke dịpụrụ adịpụ, resonant
Ngwaọrụ ike: Nke a na-ejikarị bụ GTR, MOSFET, IGBT
Ụdị ngbanwe: PWM, PFM, na ngwakọ. PWM bụ nke a na-ejikarị.
1.2.2 Ntụgharị mmepụta
Kewara n'ime oghere na-enweghị oghere na ogwe-ya. Achọghị osisi ọ bụla maka mmezi ọkara-ebili mmiri na nhazi nke ugbu a-okpukpu abụọ. A na-achọrọ aro maka ifegharị zuru oke.
1.3 Control sekit
Nye pulses rectangular modular na sekit mbanye iji mezie voltaji mmepụta.
Circuit ntụaka: Nye ntụaka voltaji. Dị ka ihe yiri ntụaka LM358, AD589, usoro ntụaka AD581, REF192, wdg.
Sampling circuit: Were niile ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke voltaji mmepụta.
Ntụle atụnyere: Tulee mgbaama nlele na mgbama nrụtụ aka ka iwepụta mgbaama njehie maka ịchịkwa sekit ọkọnọ PM.
Ntugharị V/F: Tụgharịa mgbama voltaji njehie ka ọ bụrụ mgbama ugboro.
Oscillator: Mepụta ebili mmiri oscillation dị elu
Sekit mbanye isi: Tụgharịa mgbaama oscillation modulated ka ọ bụrụ akara njikwa dabara adaba iji kwọọ ntọala nke tube mgba ọkụ.
1.4 sekit mmepụta
Ndozi na nzacha
Gbanwee voltaji mmepụta ka ọ bụrụ DC na-akpụ akpụ ma mee ka ọ bụrụ voltaji DC dị ala. Nkà na ụzụ ndozi mmepụta ugbu a nwere ọkara-efegharị, ebili mmiri zuru oke, ike mgbe niile, okpukpu abụọ ugbu a, synchronous na ụzọ mmezi ndị ọzọ.
(B) Nyocha nke dị iche iche topological ike ọkọnọ
2.1 Buck ntụgharị
sekit Buck: Buck chopper, ntinye na mmepụta polarity bụ otu.
Ebe ngwaahịa volt nke abụọ nke ụgwọ inductor na mwepu hà nhata n'ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ, voltaji ntinye Ui, voltaji mmepụta Uo; ya mere:
(Ui-Uo)ton=Uoff
Uiton-Uoton=Uo* kwụsịrị
Ui*ton=Uo(ton+toff)
Uo/Ui=ton/(ton+toff)=▲
Ya bụ, njikọ ntinye na mmepụta voltaji bụ:
Uo/Ui=▲ (okirikiri ọrụ)
Buck sekit topology
Mgbe agbanwuru ọkụ, a na-enyocha ike ntinye site na L inductor na capacitor C iji nye ugbu a na njedebe ibu; mgbe agbanyụrụ mgba ọkụ, L inductor na-aga n'ihu na-agafe na diode iji mee ka ibu dị ugbu a na-aga n'ihu. Voltage mmepụta agaghị agafe voltaji ike ntinye n'ihi okirikiri ọrụ.
2.2 Ntụgharị nkwalite
sekit nkwalite: nkwalite chopper, ntinye na polarity mmepụta bụ otu.
N'iji otu usoro ahụ, dị ka ụkpụrụ si dị na nchaji na ịchaji ngwaahịa nke abụọ nke inductor L hà nhata na ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ, enwere ike nweta njikọ voltaji: Uo/Ui=1/(1-▲）)
Na-akwalite topology sekit
A na-ejikọta tube mgba ọkụ Q1 na ibu nke sekit a n'otu n'otu. Mgbe agbanyere tube ngbanwe, nke ugbu a na-agafe na inductor L1 iji mee ka ebili mmiri ahụ dị nro, na ọkụ ọkụ na-akwụ ụgwọ inductor L1. Mgbe agbanyụrụ tube mgba ọkụ, onye inductor L na-agbapụta na ibu na ike ọkụ, na voltaji mmepụta ga-abụ voltaji ntinye Ui + UL, ya mere ọ nwere mmetụta nkwalite.
2.3 Ntụgharị Flyback
Buck-Boost Circuit: Boost/Buck Chopper, ntinye na mmepụta polarity dị iche, na-ebufe inductor.
Mmekọrịta voltaji: Uo/Ui=-▲/(1-▲)
Buck-Boost Circuit Topology
Mgbe S na-agbanye, ọkụ ọkụ na-ebu naanị na-akwụ onye inductor ụgwọ. Mgbe S gbanyụrụ, a na-ahapụ ọkụ eletrik na ibu site na inductor iji nweta nnyefe ike.
Ya mere, inductor L ebe a bụ ngwaọrụ maka ịnyefe ike.
(C) Oghere ngwa
The ịgbanwee ike ọkọnọ circuit nwere uru nke elu arụmọrụ, obere size, ìhè arọ, na ike mmepụta voltaji, ya mere a na-eji ọtụtụ ebe na nkwukọrịta, kọmputa, ulo oru automation, ezinụlọ ngwa na ndị ọzọ ubi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mpaghara kọmputa, ọkụ ọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe aghọwo isi ihe na-enye ike kọmputa, nke nwere ike hụ na arụ ọrụ nke ngwa kọmputa kwụsiri ike; n'ọhịa nke ume ọhụrụ, ọkụ ọkụ na-agbanwe na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa dị ka ngwaọrụ nke nwere ike ịmegharị ike nke ọma.
Na nkenke, mgbanaka ọkụ eletrik na-enye ọkụ bụ ntụgharị ntụgharị ike nke ọma na nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya. Ụkpụrụ ọrụ ya bụ tumadi ịtụgharị ike eletriki ntinye ka ọ bụrụ nrụpụta ike DC kwụsiri ike ma bụrụ nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya site na ngbanwe mgbanwe ugboro dị elu na nzacha nzacha.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 10-2024