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Kedu ihe kpatara LED nwere ike ịmịnye ọkụ?

Diode na-enye ọkụ bụ diode pụrụ iche. Dị ka diodes nkịtị, diodes na-enwu ọkụ bụ ibe semiconductor mejupụtara. A na-etinye ihe ndị a nke semiconductor ma ọ bụ doped iji mepụta p na n owuwu.

Dị ka ndị ọzọ diodes, ugbu a na ìhè-emitting diode nwere ike mfe isi na p pole (anode) na n pole (cathode), ma ọ bụghị n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. Ndị na-ebu abụọ dị iche iche: oghere na electrons na-esi na electrodes gaa na p na n n'okpuru voltaji electrode dị iche iche. Mgbe oghere na electrons zukọrọ ma jikọta, electrons na-adaba na ike dị ala ma hapụ ike n'ụdị photon (foto bụ ihe anyị na-akpọkarị ọkụ).

A na-ekpebi ogologo ogologo (agba) nke ọkụ ọ na-ebunye site na ike bandgap nke ihe semiconductor mejupụtara p na n.

Ebe ọ bụ na silicon na germanium bụ ihe bandgap na-apụtaghị ìhè, na ụlọ okpomọkụ, nchikota nke electrons na oghere n'ime ihe ndị a bụ mgbanwe na-adịghị radiative. Mgbanwe ndị dị otú ahụ adịghị ahapụ photons, ma gbanwee ike n'ime ike okpomọkụ. Ya mere, silicon na germanium diodes enweghị ike ịmịnye ọkụ (ha ga-ebunye ọkụ na oke okpomọkụ dị oke ala, nke a ga-achọpụta n'akụkụ pụrụ iche, na nchapụta nke ìhè ahụ apụtaghị ìhè).

Ihe eji eme ihe na diodes na-enye ọkụ bụ ihe niile na-eme bandgap kpọmkwem, ya mere a na-ahapụ ike ahụ n'ụdị foton. Ike ndị a amachibidoro iwu kwekọrọ na ike ọkụ dị nso na eriri infrared, anya, ma ọ bụ nso-ultraviolet.

 

GAA na-edu

Ihe nlereanya a na-eme ka ọkụ eletrik na-ebunye ọkụ n'ime akụkụ infrared nke spectrum electromagnetic.

N'oge mmalite nke mmepe, diodes na-enye ọkụ na-eji gallium arsenide (GaAs) nwere ike na-ebunye ọkụ infrared ma ọ bụ uhie uhie. Site n'ọganihu nke sayensị akụrụngwa, diodes na-enye ọkụ emepụtara ọhụrụ nwere ike na-ebunye ebili mmiri dị elu ma dị elu. Taa, enwere ike ịme diodes na-enye ọkụ nke agba dị iche iche.

 

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A na-arụkarị diodes n'ụdị ụdị N, yana oyi akwa nke ụdị semiconductor P-edobere n'elu ya ma jikọta ya na electrodes. Ụdị ụdị P adịghị adịkarị, mana a na-ejikwa ya. Ọtụtụ diode na-ebunye ọkụ azụmahịa, ọkachasị GaN/InGaN, na-ejikwa mkpụrụ sapphire.

Ọtụtụ ihe eji eme LED nwere akara ntugharị dị elu. Nke a pụtara na ọtụtụ n'ime ebili mmiri ọkụ na-egosipụta azụ n'ime ihe dị na interface na ikuku. Ya mere, mmịpụta ebili mmiri bụ isiokwu dị mkpa maka LED, na ọtụtụ nyocha na mmepe na-elekwasị anya na isiokwu a.

Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti LEDs (diodes emitting diodes) na diode nkịtị bụ ihe ha na nhazi ha, nke na-eduga n'iche dị iche iche na arụmọrụ ha n'ịgbanwe ike eletrik n'ime ike ọkụ. Nke a bụ ụfọdụ isi ihe iji kọwaa ihe kpatara LEDs nwere ike ibunye ọkụ na diode nkịtị enweghị ike:

Ngwa dị iche iche:LEDs na-eji III-V semiconductor ihe dị ka gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium phosphide (GaP), gallium nitride (GaN), wdg. Ihe ndị a nwere bandgap kpọmkwem, na-ekwe ka electrons na-awụlikwa elu ozugbo na hapụ photons (ìhè). Diode nkịtị na-ejikarị silicon ma ọ bụ germanium, nke nwere bandgap na-apụtaghị ìhè, na eletrọn na-awụlikwa elu na-emekarị n'ụdị ntọhapụ ike okpomọkụ, kama ìhè.

Nhazi dị iche iche:Emebere ihe owuwu nke LED iji bulie ọgbọ ọkụ na ikuku. LEDs na-agbakwunyekarị dopants na ihe owuwu oyi akwa na pn junction iji kwalite ọgbọ na ntọhapụ nke photons. Emebere diodes nkịtị iji kwalite ọrụ mmezi nke ugbu a ma ghara ilekwasị anya na ọgbọ nke ìhè.

Bandgap ike:Ihe onwunwe nke LED nwere nnukwu ike bandgap, nke pụtara na ike nke ndị electrons wepụtara n'oge mgbanwe dị elu ka ọ pụta ìhè n'ụdị ìhè. The ihe bandgap ike nke nkịtị diodes bụ obere, na electrons na-tumadi wepụtara n'ụdị okpomọkụ mgbe ha mgbanwe.

Usoro luminescence:Mgbe pn junction nke LED nọ n'okpuru nhụsianya na-aga n'ihu, electrons na-esi na n'ógbè ahụ gaa n'ógbè p, jikọta ya na oghere, ma hapụ ike n'ụdị photons iji mepụta ìhè. Na diodes nkịtị, nchikota nke electrons na oghere na-abụkarị n'ụdị recombination na-abụghị nke radiative, ya bụ, a na-ahapụ ike n'ụdị okpomọkụ.

Ndịiche ndị a na-ekwe ka LEDs na-ebunye ọkụ mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ, ebe diode nkịtị enweghị ike.

 

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Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-01-2024